History TOEFL

Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) test is a standard by which English-language ability of non-native speakers evaluated. Tests required by most colleges and some employers to make sure that students and staff capable of handling the linguistic challenges of cultural immersion. This test was designed by the Center for Applied Linguistics and administered by Educational Testing Service.

Background
Based in Washington, DC, Center for Applied Linguistics (CAL) is a nonprofit organization committed to researching the relationship between language and culture Founded in 1959, the first director was Charles A. Ferguson (1921-1998, which has been given a similar program in the Middle East and taught as a professor at Harvard University. Ferguson guided the center to develop practical solutions to apply language and literacy concerns of international and national government. Originally Ferguson One of the initial project is to develop test which will measure the command language that ESL (English-as-a-Second-Language) students and government employees have. Ferguson and fellow researchers developed applied linguistics TOEFL test during the first five years of CAL. In 1964, the first official TOEFL test is taken in pusat.Pembangunan Since the late 1960s, the TOEFL test has been administered by the Educational Testing Service (ETS), an organization of international testing standards. According to ETS, between 1964 and 2008, 24 million people, mostly international students, have taken the test. Introduced in 2005, Internet-based test has replaced the computer-based format and paper-based, with computer-based results was ruled no longer valid in 2006.

Organization
Since the early 1970s, the 15-member board of the TOEFL has handled specific issues concerning the organization. This body consists of educators and industry representatives and government agencies involved in international education. A board of 12 specialist language form TOEFL Committee of Examiners, which discuss any concerns with the test content and methodology, maintaining a valid test.

Composition Test
Since 1998, the paper tests have consisted of 30 questions based on listening, 40 "written-expression" questions, 50 reading comprehension questions, and 300-word essay. Internet-based test includes four sections: answering questions on the 700 - word and questions about the 30 minutes of audio samples, and six speaking and writing task-composition. Internet-based test has also implemented tables and other formats to the test.